Artikel (tulisan) "Teh Minuman Kesehatan"

Teh Minuman Kesehatan

Teh merupakan tanaman daerah tropis dan subtropis yang secara ilmiah dikenal dengan Camellia Sinensis. Dari kurang lebih 3000 jenis teh hasil perkawinan silang, didapatkan 3 macam teh hasil proses, yaitu teh hijau, teh oolong, dan teh hitam. Cara pengolahan teh yaitu dengan merajang daun teh dan dijemur di bawah sinar matahari sehingga mengalami perubahan kimiawi sebelum dikeringkan. Perlakuan tersebut akan menyebabkan warna daun menjadi coklat dan memberi cita rasa teh hitam yang khas.

Teh hijau, jenis teh tertua, amat disukai terutama oleh masyarakat Jepang dan Cina. Di sini daun teh mengalami sedikit proses pengolahan, hanya pemanasan dan pengeringan sehingga warna hijau daun dapat dipertahankan. Sedangkan teh oolong lebih merupakan jenis peralihan antara teh hitam dan teh hijau. Ketiga jenis teh masing-masing memiliki khasiat kesehatan karena mengandung ikatan biokimia yang disebut polyfenol, termasuk di dalamnya flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan suatu kelompok antioksidan yang secara alamiah ada di dalam sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, dan minuman seperti teh dan anggur.

Subklas polifenol meliputi flavonol, flavon, flavanon, antosianidin, katekin, dan biflavan. Turunan dari katekin seperti epi-cathecin (EC), epigallo-cathecin (EGC), epigallo-cathecin gallate (EGCg), dan quercetin umumnya ditemukan di dalam teh. EGCg dan quercetin merupakan anti oksidan kuat dengan kekuatan hingga 4-5 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan vitamin E dan C yang juga merupakan antioksidan potensial. Antioksidan diketahui mampu menghindarkan sel dari kerusakan mengingat setiap kerusakan sel akan menyumbang lebih dari 50 penyakit.

Teh hijau mengandung EGCg, demikian juga teh hitam, demikian dikatakan seorang ahli biokimia. Dalam sebuah studi yang dilakukan peneliti Belanda menyebutkan, mengkonsumsi 4-5 cangkir teh hitam setiap hari akan menurunkan resiko stroke hingga 70% dibanding dengan mereka yang mengkonsumsi teh 2 cangkir sehari atau kurang. Laporan lainnya menyebutkan lebih banyak mengkonsumsi teh hitam berhubungan dengan rendahnya kasus serangan jantung. John Folts, Direktur Sekolah Medis, Pusat Penelitian dan Pencegahan Arteri Trombosis, Universitas Wisconsin, AS menemukan kunci khasiat dalam teh yaitu flavonoid. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan, flavonoid dalam teh hitam mampu menghambat penggumpalan sel-sel platelet darah sehingga mencegah penyumbatan pembuluh darah pada penyakit hantung koroner dan stroke. Studi lain menyebutkan bahwa peminum teh fanatik memiliki kadar kolesterol dan tekanan darah yang rendah, meskipun masih belum jelas apakah semuanya itu langsung disebabkan karena teh.

Para peneliti di Universitas Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, AS menemukan pengaruh penggunaan teh hijau pada kulit hingga 90 %. Ternyata teh sangat efektif melindungi kulit dari sinar matahari yang dapat mengakibatkan kanker kulit. Teh juga diketahui mengandung fluoride yang dapat menguatkan email gigi dan membantu mencegah kerusakan gigi. Dalam suatu studi laboratorium di Jepang, para ahli menemukan bahwa teh membantu mencegah pembentukan plak gigi dan membunuh bakteri mulut penyebab pembengkakan gusi.

Penelitian di Jepang menunjukkan, daerah penghasil teh yang pendudukanya terkenal sebagai peminum teh fanatik, sangat rendah angka kematiannya yang disebabkan oleh kanker. Hasil studi lainnya, dilakukan kerjasama antara tim peneliti Oguni dan pusat penelitian kanker di Beijing untuk mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak teh hijau pada tikus yang telah diberi ransum makanan karsinogenik (zat pemicu kanker). Dilaporkan, angka rata-rata kanker pada tikus yang memperoleh ekstrak teh hijau setengah dari tikus yang tidak memperoleh ekstrak teh hijau.

Para peneliti yakin bahwa polifenol yang dikenal sebagai cathecin yang terdapat pada teh hijau, membantu tubuh manusia melawan sel kanker. Studi lainnya dilakukan oleh Oguni dan Dr. Masami Yamada dari Hamamatsu Medical Center menemukan cathecin membunuh Helicobator pylori, bakteri pemicu kanker lambung. 

Comment :

Tea is actually good for our bodies when we consume them with rules that the correct amount of drinking every day. The benefits of tea are many, including preventing gastric cancer, in addition to being a drug of tea can relieve our thirst after activity. As explained in the article which is that tea has many different kinds of benefits that exists at each other, quercetin is a powerful antioxidant with the power of up to 4-5 times higher than vitamin E and C which also are potent antioxidants. Antioxidants are known to prevent cells from damage since each cell damage will contribute more than 50 diseases. That is one of the benefits of tea have anti-oxidants which eminence.

Tugas softskill 3 "bahasa inggris bisnis"

Leonardo da Vinci was born on Apr il 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy.  He was the illegitimate son of Ser Piero, a Florentine notary and landlord, but lived o n the estate and was treated as a legitimate son.

In 1483, Leonardo da Vinci drew the first model of a helico pter. It did not look very much like our modern day “copter,” but the idea of what it could do was about the same.

Leonardo was an artist and sculptor. He was very interested in motion and movement and tried to show it in his art. In order to show movement, he found it helpful to study the way things moved. One subject he liked to study was birds and how they flew. He spent many hours watching the birds and examining the structure of their wings. He noticed how they cupped air with their wings and how the feathers helped hold the air. Through these studies, Leonardo began to understand how birds were able to fly.

Like many other men, Leonardo began to dream of the day when people would be able to fly. He designed a machine that used all the things he had learned about flight, and thus became the first model of a helicopter.

Poor Leonardo had only one problem, however.  He had no way to give the necessary speed to his invention. You see, motors had not yet been invented and speed was an important part of the flying process. It would be another four hundred years before the engine was invented and another fifty years before it was put to the test in an airplane. Leonardo’s dream of a helicopter finally came to pass in 1936.

The Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist, Leonardo died on May 2, 1519, and was buried in the cloister of San Fio rentino in Amboise.

1.  What is the author’s main point?
a. The invention of the helicopter.
b. Birds cup air with their wings and use feathers to help hold the air.
c. An overview of one of Leonardo da Vinci’s many skills.
d. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 and died in 1519.

2.  The word problem in paragraph five could best be replaced by the word:
a. dilemma
b. mistake
c. danger
d. pain

3.  The word it in paragraph two refers to:
a. Leonardo da Vinci
b. The first model helicopter
c. 1483
d. motion and movement

4. Which paragraph explains why Leonardo ’s helicopter was not successful in his lifetime:
a. paragraph 1
b. paragraph 2
c. paragraph 4
d. paragraph 5

5. The word illegitimate in paragraph one is closest in meaning to:
a. against the law or illegal
b. not in correct usage
c. incorrectly deduced; illogical
d.  born out of wedlock

6. The fo llowing sentence would best complete which paragraph? “Since then people have been living out Leonardo’s dream of flying.”
a. paragraph 3
b. paragraph 4
c. paragraph 5
d. paragraph 2

7. What was the main problem with Leonardo ’s invention?
a. motors were not yet invented
b. the birds lost their feathers
c. he was illegitimate
d. he couldn’t draw

8. The word they in the third paragraph refers to:
a. the feathers
b. the birds
c. the studies
d. the wings

9. In what year was the first helicopter flown
a. 1483
b. 1452
c. 1519
d. 1936

10. What two things did birds have that Leonardo da Vinci noticed helped them to
fly?
a. wings and beaks
b. feathers and talons
c. wings and feathers
d. cups and feathers

sumber : lintasterbaru.com/contoh-soal-toefl-latihan-tes-toefl.html

Tugas Softskill 2 "Bahasa inggris bisnis"

STRUCTURE TOEFL

1. He’ll call back........ book the tickects
a) Because
b) To
c) So
d) For
Answer is : (b) to
(b) testing point : book (as a verb) the word book is also verb meaning “to reserve” as is here

2. I took ....... hand in .....
a) His/me
b) My/her
c) Her/me
d) Her/mine
Answer is : (d) her/mine
(d) testing point : possessive adjective and pronouns this is my pen. The pen is mine

3. I’m a specialist ...
a) Am I?
b) Am I not?
c) Am not I?
d) Aren’t I?
Answer is : (d) aren’t I?
(d) testing point : question tags if the main clause is negative, the tag is affirmative. Negative forms are contracted in tag questions, but since “am” and “not” cotrantred, “aren’nt” is used for “I” instead

4. ......... is strictly forbidden here.
a) That i’m smoking
b) Smoke
c) Smoking
d) When do I smoke
Answer is : (c) smoking
(c) testing point : gerund as a subject the gerund is the verb+ing form used as noun and can function as a subject


5. She looked at me. I looked at her. We worked at........
a) Our selves
b) Each other
c) Us
d) Themselves
Answer is : (b) each other
(b) testing point : each other use “each other” when teffering to only two we love each other

6. I’ve been to the cinema only once since you ..... to this city.
a) Have come
b) Had come
c) Came
d) Had been
Answer is : (c) came
(c) testing point : present perfect + since past tense a verb in the past tense can mark the beginning of the period while the verb in the main clause is present perfect is the period continues until now

7. She told us tha she ...... him before.
a) Had never met
b) Hasn’t met
c) Had ever met
d) Didn’t meet
Answer is : (a) had never met
(c) testing point : sequence of tenses when the main verb is in the past tense, the verb in the object clause moves one tense further back in time

8. We must say in this hiding place ..... it is safe togo
a) After
b) Before
c) Until
d) Whenever
Answer is : (c) until
(c) testing point : until we are bound to be a penant until we can buy a house of our own

9. I saw somebody ...... away through the branches.
a) Will jump
b) Has jumped
c) Being jumped
d) Jump
Answer is : (d) jump
(d) testing point : to see somebody do 5th I saw him hit my son

10. I’m never quite certain about......these two words.
a) how to use
b) how used
c) how using
d) how usable
answer is: (a) how to use
(a)testing point : question word +to –infinitive I told him where to go.

11. The cyclist …………………………………….he crossed the main street.
a. Looked with caution after
b. Had looked cautiously before
c. Was looked cautious when
d. Looks cautious when
Answer: B
Choice (A) is verbose, using with caution rather cautiously. Also, it would make no sense to look cautiously after crossing the street. Choice (A) also uses simple past when past perfect is required. Choice (C) is passive and the sentence does not call for a passive meaning. Also using the adjective cautious would indicate that look in the sentence is a stative verb meaning appear, and that is not the meaning of the sentence. (D) Uses an incorrect sequence of tenses. The verb crossed is in the past.

12. Here …………………………………….notebook and report that I promise you last week.
a. Is the
b. Are the
c. Was the
d. Has been a
Answer : B
The subject notebook and report is plural, and choices (A),(C),(D) all contain singular verbs.

13. Neither Jane nor her brothers …………………………………a consent form for tomorrow’s field trip.
a. Need
b. Needs
c. Is needing
d. Has need
Answer : A
The plural verb need is required here because if there is a plural noun after nor, the verb must be plural.

14. Cuba is …………………………………..sugar- growing areas in the world.
a. One of the larger
b. One of largest
c. One of the largest
d. Largest
Answer : C
Choice (A) is incorrect because the superlative, not the comparative, must be used when more than two are expressed. Choices (B) and (D) are incorrect because the definite article the must be used before superlative.

15. The skiers would rather ………………………..through the mountain than go by bus.
a. To travel on train
b. Traveled by train
c. Travel by train
d. Traveling by train
Answer : C
The correct form is would rather + [verb in simple form]

Tugas 1 softskill "bahasa inggris bisnis"

How to Improve Listening TOEFL Score
Listening is part of diteskan first time, with 50 questions that must be done in about 40 minutes. You will hear a recorded voice and answer multiple choice questions. This Section consists of:
a. Part A: Short Dialogue
b. Part B: Long Conversation
c. Part C: Talks

Part A: Short Dialogue
In this section you will hear two persons are conducting a dialogue of two lines, each followed by multiple choice questions. Number is about 30 items. Here is a trick in doing about TOEFL listening.
a. . At the time you listen to a short dialogue, focus on the second line (second person). In general, there is an answer to what was said by the second.
b. Keep in mind that the correct answer is a statement repeated by a different editor.
c. If you can not understand the dialogue is perfect, you still might menjwab with benar.Jika you do not understand at all what is heard, choose the answer that sounds most different. So do not choose an answer because it sounded a lot kesaannya with what you hear.
d. When finished answering a number, look at the answer choices for the next number. This will make you better prepared. You were given only 12 seconds for each question.
e. Do not get any answers blank. An incorrect answer will not reduce the score.

example:
You hear:
Woman: Steve, is something the matter? You don’t look very good.
Man : Oh, I’m feeling a little sick today.
Narrator : What does the man mean?

In the test book, you read:
(A) He’s not very good looking.
(B) He’s a bit ill
(C) He looks worse that he feels.
(D) His feet are a little thick.

The correct answer is B. Answer choice B has the most distinct sound when compared with the jawan A, C, and D. In answer choice A, is very similar sound and looking. In option C, which sound like the looks and feels. Whereas in D, which sound like the feet, little, and thick.
Part B: Long Conversation

In this section you will hear two longer conversations. One part of the conversation was followed by several questions.
example:
you listen to
Narrator : Qustions 1 through 4. Listen to a conversation between two people who are decorating an apartment.
Woman : Hey, Walt. Do you think you could help me hang these pictures on the wall? There are only two of them.
Man : Sure, Monica. Where do you want them to go?
Woman : I’d like the picture of the mountains over the fireplace, and I’d like the picture of my family over the sofa. What do you think?
Man : I think they’ll ook fine there. How about if you hold the pictures while Ihammer the nails into the wall?
Woman : Okay. Let’s start with the picture of my family.

question:
(1) you hear:
Narrator : What are the man and woman discussing?

In the test book, you read:
(A) Taking some pictures
(B) Hanging some plants
(C) Taking a trip to the mountains.
(D) Putting some pictures on the wall.

(2) you hear:
Narrator: How many pictures are there?

In the book test, you hear:
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four

The following work on the problems listening rik part B.
a. If you possessed pillihan preview time to guess the topic and answer questions.
b. Note / listen to the conversation at the beginning because it contains the topic. Topics frequently in check.
c. At the time you listen to, read also the answer choices in the book at the same time. This is because the answers are arranged in sequence.
d. The correct answer usually has the same sound.
e. Do not have an answer blank sampae wallaupun you do not know the right answer.
f. Use the remaining time to look at the answer choices for the next number.

Part C: Talk
'Talk' in the Indonesian language can mean a monologue. You will hear three long monologues, each of which followed a few pertanyan. 'Talk' for example is a speech, radio broadcasts, lectures, speeches, etc.. The trick to working together with part C of tricks to do part B.

example:
You listen:
Narrator : Questions 1 through 4. Listen to a lecture in a history class.
Woman : Salt, which today seems so plentiful to us, in the past used to be a valuable commodity. In the ancient past in China, salt was used to make coins, and in parts of Africa it was traded in place of money. In the Roman Empire, soldiers were not paid in money but were insead paid in salt. In fact, the Englsih word “salary’ which means the amount of oney tat one earns, comes from the latin root for “salt”.

question:
(1) you hear:
Narrator : What is the topic of te talk?

In the book test, you read:
(A) Valuable commodities
(B) Salt
(C) Ancient China
(D) Money



(2) you hear:
Narrator : What was salt used for in China?

In the book test, you read:
(A) To spice food
(B) To bui;d houses
(C) To make coins
(D) To locate Africa

tulisan 20 "Diam Adalah Emas"

aat anda tak memiliki kata-kata yang perlu dibicarakan, diamlah. Cukup mudah untuk mengetahui kapan waktunya berbicara. Namun, mengetahui kapan anda harus diam adalah hal yang jauh berbeda. Salah satu fungsi bibir adalah untuk dikatupkan. Bagaimana anda bisa memperhatikan dan mendengarkan dengan lidah yang berkata-kata. Diamlah demi kejernihan pandangan anda.

Orang yang mampu diam di tengah keinginan untuk berbicara mampu menemukan kesadaran dirinya. Sekali anda membuka mulut, anda akan temui betapa banyak kalimat-kalimat meluncur tanpa disadari. Mungkin sebagian kecil kata-kata itu tidak anda kehendaki. Seringkali orang tergelincir oleh kerikil kecil, bukan batu besar. Butiran mutiara indah hanya bisa tercipta bila kerang mutiara mengatupkan bibirnya rapat-rapat. Sekali ia membuka lebar-lebar cangkangnya, maka pasir dan kotoran laut akan segera memenuhi mulutnya.

Inilah ibarat, kekuatan anda untuk diam. Kebijakan seringkali tersimpan rapat dalam diam para bijak. Untuk itu anda perlu berusaha membukanya sekuat tenaga. Bukankah pepatah mengatakan, “diam adalah emas”

sumber : http://iphincow.wordpress.com/2010/05/18/diam-adalah-emas/#more-275

tulisan 19 "Sekali Lagi, Bersyukurlah!"

Coba anda sisihkan waktu sejenak untuk bersyukur atas hal-hal baik dalam hidup anda. Renungkan tentang apa yang telah anda capai, orang-orang yang memperhatikan anda, pengalaman yang telah anda dapatkan, keahlian dan minat yang anda miliki; apa yang anda percayai, dan hal-hal yang terindah dalam hidup anda.

Hal-hal yang anda hargai, pelihara, dan jaga akan terus meningkat dalam hidup anda. Kelimpahan dimulai dengan dengan rasa syukur. Dengan rasa syukur yang tulus, anda menghargai apa yang telah anda miliki, yang selanjutnya akan mendorong anda secara mental, spiritual, dan fisik untuk mencapai apa saja yang menjadi tujuan anda.

Bagaimana mungkin anda mendapatkan hal-hal yang lebih besar, bila anda tidak bersyukur atas apa yang telah anda miliki saat ini? Toh semuanya, hanya bisa dimulai dengan apa yang anda telah miliki tersebut.
Anda tahu, bahwa anda dapat mencapai tujuan, karena anda pernah merintis hal seperti itu. Pengalaman adalah milik anda yang patut disyukuri. Siapa bilang tidak ada hal yang bisa disyukuri?

Segalanya dalam jangkauan anda saat anda bersyukur akan apa yang telah anda dapatkan.

sumber : http://iphincow.wordpress.com/2010/06/14/sekali-lagi-bersyukurlah/#more-289

tulisan 18 "Melawan Diri Sendiri"

Kemenangan sejati bukanlah kemenangan atas orang lain. Namun, kemenangan atas diri sendiri. Berpacu di jalur keberhasilan diri adalah pertandingan untuk mengalahkan rasa ketakutan, keengganan, keangkuhan, dan semua beban yang menambat diri di tempat start.

Jerih payah untuk mengalahkan orang lain sama sekali tak berguna. Motivasi tak semestinya lahir dari rasa iri, dengki atau dendam. Keberhasilan sejati memberikan kebahagiaan yang sejati, yang tak mungkin diraih lewat niat yang ternoda.

Pelari yang berlari untuk mengalahkan pelari yang lain, akan tertinggal karena sibuk mengintip laju lawan-lawannya. Pelari yang berlari untuk memecahkan recordnya sendiri tak peduli apakah pelari lain akan menyusulnya atau tidak. Tak peduli dimana dan siapa lawan-lawannya. Ia mencurahkan seluruh perhatian demi perbaikan catatannya sendiri.

Ia bertading dengan dirinya sendiri, bukan melawan orang lain. Karenanya, ia tak perlu bermain curang. Keinginan untuk mengalahkan orang lain adalah awal dari kekalahan diri sendiri.

sumber : http://iphincow.wordpress.com/2010/04/21/melawan-diri-sendiri/#more-258